When "Automatic data recovery" on packet not forwarded to TTN

I am in china. Connect to router.eu.thethings.network

Yes, I had that field set to 500 and later 1000, and it didn’t work.

In the logs I see the latency is normally around 180ms

Tue May 19 07:49:02 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[3750]: INFO: [up] PUSH_ACK received in 182 ms
Tue May 19 07:49:32 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[3750]: INFO: [up] PUSH_ACK received in 182 ms
Tue May 19 07:49:48 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[3750]: INFO: [up] PUSH_ACK received in 183 ms
Tue May 19 07:50:02 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[3750]: INFO: [up] PUSH_ACK received in 185 ms
Tue May 19 07:50:31 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[3750]: INFO: [up] PUSH_ACK received in 209 ms
Tue May 19 07:50:32 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[3750]: INFO: [up] PUSH_ACK received in 181 ms
Tue May 19 07:51:02 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[3750]: INFO: [up] PUSH_ACK received in 183 ms
Tue May 19 07:51:32 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[3750]: INFO: [up] PUSH_ACK received in 361 ms

When automatic data recovery is enabled I don’t see logs like these at all. As if the packet forwarder does not start up.

Pls set the log level to debug and colllect some log for me.

It scrolls very quickly so the log get truncated very soon after enabling the setting. This is the maximum I can copy from the web interface.

Tue May 19 07:58:47 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 16
Tue May 19 07:58:47 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012192 fcnt - 81
Tue May 19 07:58:47 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 47
Tue May 19 07:58:47 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012192 fcnt - 84
Tue May 19 07:58:47 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: [truncated] 
JSON up: {"rxpk":[{"tmst":3243051915,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-4,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaACwABnG79aQ=="},{"tmst":3331874651,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.8,"rssi":-40,"size":26,"data":"gJIhASaCNgADBwG2XpY6ELEPxLdT0C0dl0Q="},{"tmst":3339848827,"chan":2,"rfch":0,"freq":867.500000,"stat":1,"mTue May 19 07:58:48 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 11
Tue May 19 07:58:48 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012192 fcnt - 54
Tue May 19 07:58:48 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 13
Tue May 19 07:58:48 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 14
Tue May 19 07:58:48 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 16
Tue May 19 07:58:48 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012192 fcnt - 81
Tue May 19 07:58:48 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 47
Tue May 19 07:58:48 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012192 fcnt - 84
Tue May 19 07:58:48 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: [truncated] 
JSON up: {"rxpk":[{"tmst":3243051915,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-4,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaACwABnG79aQ=="},{"tmst":3331874651,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.8,"rssi":-40,"size":26,"data":"gJIhASaCNgADBwG2XpY6ELEPxLdT0C0dl0Q="},{"tmst":3339848827,"chan":2,"rfch":0,"freq":867.500000,"stat":1,"mTue May 19 07:58:49 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 11
Tue May 19 07:58:49 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012192 fcnt - 54
Tue May 19 07:58:49 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 13
Tue May 19 07:58:49 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 14
Tue May 19 07:58:49 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 16
Tue May 19 07:58:49 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012192 fcnt - 81
Tue May 19 07:58:49 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 47
Tue May 19 07:58:49 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012192 fcnt - 84
Tue May 19 07:58:49 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: [truncated] 
JSON up: {"rxpk":[{"tmst":3243051915,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-4,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaACwABnG79aQ=="},{"tmst":3331874651,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.8,"rssi":-40,"size":26,"data":"gJIhASaCNgADBwG2XpY6ELEPxLdT0C0dl0Q="},{"tmst":3339848827,"chan":2,"rfch":0,"freq":867.500000,"stat":1,"mTue May 19 07:58:49 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: INFO: [down] PULL_ACK received in 180 ms
Tue May 19 07:58:50 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 11
Tue May 19 07:58:50 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012192 fcnt - 54
Tue May 19 07:58:50 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 13
Tue May 19 07:58:50 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 14
Tue May 19 07:58:50 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 16
Tue May 19 07:58:50 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012192 fcnt - 81
Tue May 19 07:58:50 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 47
Tue May 19 07:58:50 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012192 fcnt - 84
Tue May 19 07:58:50 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: [truncated] 
JSON up: {"rxpk":[{"tmst":3243051915,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-4,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaACwABnG79aQ=="},{"tmst":3331874651,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.8,"rssi":-40,"size":26,"data":"gJIhASaCNgADBwG2XpY6ELEPxLdT0C0dl0Q="},{"tmst":3339848827,"chan":2,"rfch":0,"freq":867.500000,"stat":1,"mTue May 19 07:58:51 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 11
Tue May 19 07:58:51 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012192 fcnt - 54
Tue May 19 07:58:51 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 13
Tue May 19 07:58:51 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 14
Tue May 19 07:58:51 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 16
Tue May 19 07:58:51 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012192 fcnt - 81
Tue May 19 07:58:51 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 47
Tue May 19 07:58:51 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012192 fcnt - 84
Tue May 19 07:58:51 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: [truncated] 
JSON up: {"rxpk":[{"tmst":3243051915,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-4,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaACwABnG79aQ=="},{"tmst":3331874651,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.8,"rssi":-40,"size":26,"data":"gJIhASaCNgADBwG2XpY6ELEPxLdT0C0dl0Q="},{"tmst":3339848827,"chan":2,"rfch":0,"freq":867.500000,"stat":1,"mTue May 19 07:58:52 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 11
Tue May 19 07:58:52 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012192 fcnt - 54
Tue May 19 07:58:52 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 13
Tue May 19 07:58:52 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 14
Tue May 19 07:58:52 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 16
Tue May 19 07:58:52 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012192 fcnt - 81
Tue May 19 07:58:52 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 47
Tue May 19 07:58:52 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012192 fcnt - 84
Tue May 19 07:58:52 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: [truncated] 
JSON up: {"rxpk":[{"tmst":3243051915,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-4,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaACwABnG79aQ=="},{"tmst":3331874651,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.8,"rssi":-40,"size":26,"data":"gJIhASaCNgADBwG2XpY6ELEPxLdT0C0dl0Q="},{"tmst":3339848827,"chan":2,"rfch":0,"freq":867.500000,"stat":1,"mTue May 19 07:58:53 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 11
Tue May 19 07:58:53 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012192 fcnt - 54
Tue May 19 07:58:53 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 13
Tue May 19 07:58:53 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 14
Tue May 19 07:58:53 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 16
Tue May 19 07:58:53 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012192 fcnt - 81
Tue May 19 07:58:53 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 47
Tue May 19 07:58:53 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012192 fcnt - 84
Tue May 19 07:58:53 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: [truncated] 
JSON up: {"rxpk":[{"tmst":3243051915,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-4,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaACwABnG79aQ=="},{"tmst":3331874651,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.8,"rssi":-40,"size":26,"data":"gJIhASaCNgADBwG2XpY6ELEPxLdT0C0dl0Q="},{"tmst":3339848827,"chan":2,"rfch":0,"freq":867.500000,"stat":1,"mTue May 19 07:58:54 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 11
Tue May 19 07:58:54 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012192 fcnt - 54
Tue May 19 07:58:54 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 13
Tue May 19 07:58:54 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 14
Tue May 19 07:58:54 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 16
Tue May 19 07:58:54 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012192 fcnt - 81
Tue May 19 07:58:54 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 47
Tue May 19 07:58:54 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012192 fcnt - 84
Tue May 19 07:58:54 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: [truncated] 
JSON up: {"rxpk":[{"tmst":3243051915,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-4,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaACwABnG79aQ=="},{"tmst":3331874651,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.8,"rssi":-40,"size":26,"data":"gJIhASaCNgADBwG2XpY6ELEPxLdT0C0dl0Q="},{"tmst":3339848827,"chan":2,"rfch":0,"freq":867.500000,"stat":1,"mTue May 19 07:58:54 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: INFO: [down] PULL_ACK received in 181 ms
Tue May 19 07:58:55 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 11
Tue May 19 07:58:55 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012192 fcnt - 54
Tue May 19 07:58:55 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 13
Tue May 19 07:58:55 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 14
Tue May 19 07:58:55 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 16
Tue May 19 07:58:55 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012192 fcnt - 81
Tue May 19 07:58:55 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012941 fcnt - 47
Tue May 19 07:58:55 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: Dequeue uplink data packet : dev 26012192 fcnt - 84
Tue May 19 07:58:55 2020 user.info lora_pkt_fwd[8511]: [truncated] 
JSON up: {"rxpk":[{"tmst":3243051915,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-4,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaACwABnG79aQ=="},{"tmst":3331874651,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.8,"rssi":-40,"size":26,"data":"gJIhASaCNgADBwG2XpY6ELEPxLdT0C0dl0Q="},{"tmst":3339848827,"chan":2,"rfch":0,"freq":867.500000,"stat":1,"m

Current settings

I’m looking at TCPDUMP of the data sent to TTN. The json looks truncated:

E...R. [email protected]........%....`....v.Q{"rxpk":[{"tmst":3243051915,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-4,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaACwABnG79aQ=="},{"tmst":3331874651,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.8,"rssi":-40,"size":26,"data":"gJIhASaCNgADBwG2XpY6ELEPxLdT0C0dl0Q="},{"tmst":3339848827,"chan":2,"rfch":0,"freq":867.500000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":7.3,"rssi":-7,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaADQAB2oOVAQ=="},{"tmst":3376684547,"chan":3,"rfch":0,"freq":867.700000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-4,"size":53,"data":"QEEpASaADgAB9eqdEEzFGgaLNePoK/VjDpu5F5g1IyZZy5dUFbHW7u6ksgUMk7599eLWOUs="},{"tmst":3473367476,"chan":5,"rfch":1,"freq":868.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":11.0,"rssi":-10,"size":50,"data":"QEEpASaAEAAB3ElYXW/LaiUY6gMjj08fMgzVQODtEIzXQsqGSre7IcwAbSXnIJSVCgM="},{"tmst":677100403,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.0,"rssi":-43,"size":24,"data":"gJIhASaAUQABt73cwWdq7O0Z3fo4pKm/"},{"tmst":683275347,"chan":4,"rfch":0,"freq":867.900000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-7,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaALwABtOUNFg=="},{"tmst":864273227,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi
08:02:11.446759 IP 192.168.2.16.44489 > 52.169.76.203.1700: UDP, length 12
E..(R.@.@..{....4.L.............`....v.Q
08:02:12.209446 IP 192.168.2.16.42758 > 52.169.76.203.1700: UDP, length 1532
E...RP [email protected]..`....v.Q{"rxpk":[{"tmst":3243051915,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-4,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaACwABnG79aQ=="},{"tmst":3331874651,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.8,"rssi":-40,"size":26,"data":"gJIhASaCNgADBwG2XpY6ELEPxLdT0C0dl0Q="},{"tmst":3339848827,"chan":2,"rfch":0,"freq":867.500000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":7.3,"rssi":-7,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaADQAB2oOVAQ=="},{"tmst":3376684547,"chan":3,"rfch":0,"freq":867.700000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-4,"size":53,"data":"QEEpASaADgAB9eqdEEzFGgaLNePoK/VjDpu5F5g1IyZZy5dUFbHW7u6ksgUMk7599eLWOUs="},{"tmst":3473367476,"chan":5,"rfch":1,"freq":868.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":11.0,"rssi":-10,"size":50,"data":"QEEpASaAEAAB3ElYXW/LaiUY6gMjj08fMgzVQODtEIzXQsqGSre7IcwAbSXnIJSVCgM="},{"tmst":677100403,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.0,"rssi":-43,"size":24,"data":"gJIhASaAUQABt73cwWdq7O0Z3fo4pKm/"},{"tmst":683275347,"chan":4,"rfch":0,"freq":867.900000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-7,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaALwABtOUNFg=="},{"tmst":864273227,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi

That is definitely much longer than the json sent when Automatic Data Recovery is switched OFF:

07:52:17.114755 IP 192.168.2.16.36029 > 52.169.76.203.1700: UDP, length 222
E.....@.@..*....4.L.......d.....`....v.Q{"rxpk":[{"tmst":1048332363,"chan":3,"rfch":0,"freq":867.700000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.8,"rssi":-31,"size":36,"data":"QKohASaAFSkBRNeXXZgHg05aElfaoA4CcKq8NUXMSHWifdAw"}]}
07:52:21.326760 IP 192.168.2.16.45779 > 52.169.76.203.1700: UDP, length 12
E..(..@[email protected]....... .....`....v.Q
07:52:21.344673 IP 192.168.2.16.36029 > 52.169.76.203.1700: UDP, length 222
E.....@[email protected].....`....v.Q{"rxpk":[{"tmst":1052551907,"chan":2,"rfch":0,"freq":867.500000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":7.0,"rssi":-44,"size":36,"data":"QMAlASaAFQABaWCzjXX6WP/ZJHcMWYAX9/TZPgkpcjgon5jj"}]}

Can you find the ACK from TTN in TCPDUMP data when enable auto data recovery ?

Honestly I think the problem is the truncated JSON. TTN likely discard the PUSH data because it can’t parse the json, and then also does not ack it.

I can see acks being received, but only for the PULL requests, not for the PUSH data. Likely from what I said above.

root@RAK7258:~# tcpdump -AUq port 1700 -i any
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on any, link-type LINUX_SLL (Linux cooked), capture size 65535 bytes
08:24:56.076745 IP 192.168.2.16.48240 > 52.169.76.203.1700: UDP, length 12
E..(D.@[email protected].....(....`....v.Q
08:24:56.257494 IP 52.169.76.203.1700 > 192.168.2.16.48240: UDP, length 4
....E.. .}@.0.:#4.L........p../................
.]
08:24:56.257508 IP 52.169.76.203.1700 > 192.168.2.16.48240: UDP, length 4
E.. .}@.0.:#4.L........p../................
.]
08:24:56.549523 IP 192.168.2.16.50991 > 52.169.76.203.1700: UDP, length 1532
E...D. [email protected]../..........`....v.Q{"rxpk":[{"tmst":3243051915,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-4,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaACwABnG79aQ=="},{"tmst":3331874651,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.8,"rssi":-40,"size":26,"data":"gJIhASaCNgADBwG2XpY6ELEPxLdT0C0dl0Q="},{"tmst":3339848827,"chan":2,"rfch":0,"freq":867.500000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":7.3,"rssi":-7,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaADQAB2oOVAQ=="},{"tmst":3376684547,"chan":3,"rfch":0,"freq":867.700000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-4,"size":53,"data":"QEEpASaADgAB9eqdEEzFGgaLNePoK/VjDpu5F5g1IyZZy5dUFbHW7u6ksgUMk7599eLWOUs="},{"tmst":3473367476,"chan":5,"rfch":1,"freq":868.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":11.0,"rssi":-10,"size":50,"data":"QEEpASaAEAAB3ElYXW/LaiUY6gMjj08fMgzVQODtEIzXQsqGSre7IcwAbSXnIJSVCgM="},{"tmst":677100403,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.0,"rssi":-43,"size":24,"data":"gJIhASaAUQABt73cwWdq7O0Z3fo4pKm/"},{"tmst":683275347,"chan":4,"rfch":0,"freq":867.900000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-7,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaALwABtOUNFg=="},{"tmst":864273227,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi
08:24:57.549506 IP 192.168.2.16.50991 > 52.169.76.203.1700: UDP, length 1532
E...D. .@..$....4.L../....%W.T..`....v.Q{"rxpk":[{"tmst":3243051915,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-4,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaACwABnG79aQ=="},{"tmst":3331874651,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.8,"rssi":-40,"size":26,"data":"gJIhASaCNgADBwG2XpY6ELEPxLdT0C0dl0Q="},{"tmst":3339848827,"chan":2,"rfch":0,"freq":867.500000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":7.3,"rssi":-7,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaADQAB2oOVAQ=="},{"tmst":3376684547,"chan":3,"rfch":0,"freq":867.700000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-4,"size":53,"data":"QEEpASaADgAB9eqdEEzFGgaLNePoK/VjDpu5F5g1IyZZy5dUFbHW7u6ksgUMk7599eLWOUs="},{"tmst":3473367476,"chan":5,"rfch":1,"freq":868.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":11.0,"rssi":-10,"size":50,"data":"QEEpASaAEAAB3ElYXW/LaiUY6gMjj08fMgzVQODtEIzXQsqGSre7IcwAbSXnIJSVCgM="},{"tmst":677100403,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.0,"rssi":-43,"size":24,"data":"gJIhASaAUQABt73cwWdq7O0Z3fo4pKm/"},{"tmst":683275347,"chan":4,"rfch":0,"freq":867.900000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-7,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaALwABtOUNFg=="},{"tmst":864273227,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi
08:24:58.549520 IP 192.168.2.16.50991 > 52.169.76.203.1700: UDP, length 1532
E...E. [email protected]../..........`....v.Q{"rxpk":[{"tmst":3243051915,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-4,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaACwABnG79aQ=="},{"tmst":3331874651,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.8,"rssi":-40,"size":26,"data":"gJIhASaCNgADBwG2XpY6ELEPxLdT0C0dl0Q="},{"tmst":3339848827,"chan":2,"rfch":0,"freq":867.500000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":7.3,"rssi":-7,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaADQAB2oOVAQ=="},{"tmst":3376684547,"chan":3,"rfch":0,"freq":867.700000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-4,"size":53,"data":"QEEpASaADgAB9eqdEEzFGgaLNePoK/VjDpu5F5g1IyZZy5dUFbHW7u6ksgUMk7599eLWOUs="},{"tmst":3473367476,"chan":5,"rfch":1,"freq":868.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":11.0,"rssi":-10,"size":50,"data":"QEEpASaAEAAB3ElYXW/LaiUY6gMjj08fMgzVQODtEIzXQsqGSre7IcwAbSXnIJSVCgM="},{"tmst":677100403,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.0,"rssi":-43,"size":24,"data":"gJIhASaAUQABt73cwWdq7O0Z3fo4pKm/"},{"tmst":683275347,"chan":4,"rfch":0,"freq":867.900000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-7,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaALwABtOUNFg=="},{"tmst":864273227,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi
08:24:59.549510 IP 192.168.2.16.50991 > 52.169.76.203.1700: UDP, length 1532
E...Ec [email protected]../.....6.tA.`....v.Q{"rxpk":[{"tmst":3243051915,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-4,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaACwABnG79aQ=="},{"tmst":3331874651,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.8,"rssi":-40,"size":26,"data":"gJIhASaCNgADBwG2XpY6ELEPxLdT0C0dl0Q="},{"tmst":3339848827,"chan":2,"rfch":0,"freq":867.500000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":7.3,"rssi":-7,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaADQAB2oOVAQ=="},{"tmst":3376684547,"chan":3,"rfch":0,"freq":867.700000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-4,"size":53,"data":"QEEpASaADgAB9eqdEEzFGgaLNePoK/VjDpu5F5g1IyZZy5dUFbHW7u6ksgUMk7599eLWOUs="},{"tmst":3473367476,"chan":5,"rfch":1,"freq":868.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":11.0,"rssi":-10,"size":50,"data":"QEEpASaAEAAB3ElYXW/LaiUY6gMjj08fMgzVQODtEIzXQsqGSre7IcwAbSXnIJSVCgM="},{"tmst":677100403,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.0,"rssi":-43,"size":24,"data":"gJIhASaAUQABt73cwWdq7O0Z3fo4pKm/"},{"tmst":683275347,"chan":4,"rfch":0,"freq":867.900000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-7,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaALwABtOUNFg=="},{"tmst":864273227,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi
08:25:00.549446 IP 192.168.2.16.50991 > 52.169.76.203.1700: UDP, length 1532
E...E. [email protected]../.......!=.`....v.Q{"rxpk":[{"tmst":3243051915,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-4,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaACwABnG79aQ=="},{"tmst":3331874651,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.8,"rssi":-40,"size":26,"data":"gJIhASaCNgADBwG2XpY6ELEPxLdT0C0dl0Q="},{"tmst":3339848827,"chan":2,"rfch":0,"freq":867.500000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":7.3,"rssi":-7,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaADQAB2oOVAQ=="},{"tmst":3376684547,"chan":3,"rfch":0,"freq":867.700000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-4,"size":53,"data":"QEEpASaADgAB9eqdEEzFGgaLNePoK/VjDpu5F5g1IyZZy5dUFbHW7u6ksgUMk7599eLWOUs="},{"tmst":3473367476,"chan":5,"rfch":1,"freq":868.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":11.0,"rssi":-10,"size":50,"data":"QEEpASaAEAAB3ElYXW/LaiUY6gMjj08fMgzVQODtEIzXQsqGSre7IcwAbSXnIJSVCgM="},{"tmst":677100403,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.0,"rssi":-43,"size":24,"data":"gJIhASaAUQABt73cwWdq7O0Z3fo4pKm/"},{"tmst":683275347,"chan":4,"rfch":0,"freq":867.900000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-7,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaALwABtOUNFg=="},{"tmst":864273227,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi
08:25:01.256745 IP 192.168.2.16.48240 > 52.169.76.203.1700: UDP, length 12
E..(E.@[email protected].....`....v.Q
08:25:01.437193 IP 52.169.76.203.1700 > 192.168.2.16.48240: UDP, length 4
....E.. [email protected](4.L........p..n................
.]
08:25:01.437210 IP 52.169.76.203.1700 > 192.168.2.16.48240: UDP, length 4
E.. [email protected](4.L........p..n................
.]
08:25:01.549541 IP 192.168.2.16.50991 > 52.169.76.203.1700: UDP, length 1532
E...E. [email protected]../....M:.p..`....v.Q{"rxpk":[{"tmst":3243051915,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-4,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaACwABnG79aQ=="},{"tmst":3331874651,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.8,"rssi":-40,"size":26,"data":"gJIhASaCNgADBwG2XpY6ELEPxLdT0C0dl0Q="},{"tmst":3339848827,"chan":2,"rfch":0,"freq":867.500000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":7.3,"rssi":-7,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaADQAB2oOVAQ=="},{"tmst":3376684547,"chan":3,"rfch":0,"freq":867.700000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-4,"size":53,"data":"QEEpASaADgAB9eqdEEzFGgaLNePoK/VjDpu5F5g1IyZZy5dUFbHW7u6ksgUMk7599eLWOUs="},{"tmst":3473367476,"chan":5,"rfch":1,"freq":868.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":11.0,"rssi":-10,"size":50,"data":"QEEpASaAEAAB3ElYXW/LaiUY6gMjj08fMgzVQODtEIzXQsqGSre7IcwAbSXnIJSVCgM="},{"tmst":677100403,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.0,"rssi":-43,"size":24,"data":"gJIhASaAUQABt73cwWdq7O0Z3fo4pKm/"},{"tmst":683275347,"chan":4,"rfch":0,"freq":867.900000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-7,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaALwABtOUNFg=="},{"tmst":864273227,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi
08:25:02.549488 IP 192.168.2.16.50991 > 52.169.76.203.1700: UDP, length 1532
E...E. [email protected]../.....l.>..`....v.Q{"rxpk":[{"tmst":3243051915,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-4,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaACwABnG79aQ=="},{"tmst":3331874651,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.8,"rssi":-40,"size":26,"data":"gJIhASaCNgADBwG2XpY6ELEPxLdT0C0dl0Q="},{"tmst":3339848827,"chan":2,"rfch":0,"freq":867.500000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":7.3,"rssi":-7,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaADQAB2oOVAQ=="},{"tmst":3376684547,"chan":3,"rfch":0,"freq":867.700000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-4,"size":53,"data":"QEEpASaADgAB9eqdEEzFGgaLNePoK/VjDpu5F5g1IyZZy5dUFbHW7u6ksgUMk7599eLWOUs="},{"tmst":3473367476,"chan":5,"rfch":1,"freq":868.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":11.0,"rssi":-10,"size":50,"data":"QEEpASaAEAAB3ElYXW/LaiUY6gMjj08fMgzVQODtEIzXQsqGSre7IcwAbSXnIJSVCgM="},{"tmst":677100403,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.0,"rssi":-43,"size":24,"data":"gJIhASaAUQABt73cwWdq7O0Z3fo4pKm/"},{"tmst":683275347,"chan":4,"rfch":0,"freq":867.900000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-7,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaALwABtOUNFg=="},{"tmst":864273227,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi
08:25:03.549467 IP 192.168.2.16.50991 > 52.169.76.203.1700: UDP, length 1532
E...E. [email protected]../....Ui.A..`....v.Q{"rxpk":[{"tmst":3243051915,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-4,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaACwABnG79aQ=="},{"tmst":3331874651,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.8,"rssi":-40,"size":26,"data":"gJIhASaCNgADBwG2XpY6ELEPxLdT0C0dl0Q="},{"tmst":3339848827,"chan":2,"rfch":0,"freq":867.500000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":7.3,"rssi":-7,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaADQAB2oOVAQ=="},{"tmst":3376684547,"chan":3,"rfch":0,"freq":867.700000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-4,"size":53,"data":"QEEpASaADgAB9eqdEEzFGgaLNePoK/VjDpu5F5g1IyZZy5dUFbHW7u6ksgUMk7599eLWOUs="},{"tmst":3473367476,"chan":5,"rfch":1,"freq":868.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":11.0,"rssi":-10,"size":50,"data":"QEEpASaAEAAB3ElYXW/LaiUY6gMjj08fMgzVQODtEIzXQsqGSre7IcwAbSXnIJSVCgM="},{"tmst":677100403,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.0,"rssi":-43,"size":24,"data":"gJIhASaAUQABt73cwWdq7O0Z3fo4pKm/"},{"tmst":683275347,"chan":4,"rfch":0,"freq":867.900000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-7,"size":13,"data":"QEEpASaALwABtOUNFg=="},{"tmst":864273227,"chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":867.100000,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi
^C
14 packets captured
15 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel

It seems that TTN not response ACK when packet forwarder send the cached data in time.
There is 7 uplink pkt and only 2 ack in 7 seconds.
Should I consider sending cached packets only once to prevent similar problems?

It seems that TTN not response ACK when packet forwarder send the cached data in time.

I think they are not acking the cached data because it is truncated. Look carefully. The json is cut off at the end.

TTN doesn’t check the time of packets being forwarded.

Oh! Packet forwarder send 8 cached pkts in one UDP packet. It seems that the total lenght was out of the max size of UDP packet. I will fix this problem.
well. I think this is the reason of the problem.

Yes, I think so too. That’;s what I’ve been trying to tell you - the packets are TRUNCATED.

Aha. You are right! I have not got your point. :sweat_smile:
Much appreciated. I will fix it asap.

1 Like

@jpmeijers I capture the UDP data via Wireshark. It seems that the json was not truncated.
The max UDP payload size defined in packet forwarder is 4640 byte. (max 8 uplink lora packet). The sizeof the captured pkt is 4424 which is less then the max size. But the TTN not send ACK for it.
Maybe the Max UDP payload size defined in TTN is less then 4420.

Tcpdump in gateway cannot print too long message. So it looks to be truncated. But in fact not.

Ahh ok, interesting result.

Could it be that we are hitting the MTU size of the network, and that fragmentation is causing an issue?

Perhaps it is because the network delay is too large to tolerate fragmentation. Or the UDP payload size defined by TTN is too small.

When I reduce the UDP payload size (less then the MTU), it works fine.

I’m reading up on this and some people say it is going to be an issue, as UDP does not re-assemble and re-order the fragments like TCP does:

https://info.stack8.com/blog/udp-fragmentation-why-should-you-avoid-it

Specifically:

However, on the other hand, UDP being a message oriented protocol, it does not have a built-in reordering or retransmitting mechanism, so fragmentation should be avoided. Further, when your traffic flows through devices that you have no control over nor visibility on such as sending traffic over the internet, then this should be avoided at all cost.