Wisblock Sensors - Radio.IrqProcess();

crmrosa · February 20, 2021, 7:15pm

Hi @anon55548400, @beegee and @carlrowan,

In the WisBlock Solution examples, in the void loop() has only a call for the function Radio.IrqProcess().

As WisBlock has other boards I would like to split the Radio.IrqProcess(), to be able mix differents boards, for example:

Core: to control the processes and transmit/receive by LoRa Radio
RAK1906: Get environments measurements
RAK1903: Get light presence

I found in the header file radio.h, void “(*IrqProcess)(void)”, as member of “struct Radio_s”, but I didn´t find where the functions call for LoRa and BME680.

I couldn´t find the function Radio.IrqProcess() to rewrite it in small pieces to control when the MCU will do LoRa operations, Environment operations and Light operations. I already read the documentation about it, but I didn´t find the answer there, too:

github.com

RAKWireless/WisBlock/blob/master/examples/communications/LoRa/LoRaWAN/Low_Power_Example.md

# RAK4631 Low Power Example

## Overview
In battery LPWAN applications reducing the power consumption has a high priority. Reduction of power consumption is done by keeping the MCU and where possible, as well the peripherals in sleep mode. They should ony wakeup on an external event or after a specified time to transmit data. 

The Arduino sketch is in the folder [RAK4631-DeepSleep-LoRaWan](RAK4631-DeepSleep-LoRaWan).

When using the Arduino framework for the nRF52 modules it is not obvious how to send the MCU into deep-sleep. But there are methods made available from the underlaying FreeRTOS OS that can be used to send a task into sleep mode. And when all tasks are in sleep mode, the MCU is going into low power sleep mode. 
It is not as perfect implemented as for example on the ESP32 MCU's where specific sleep functions can be called.
But there are several methods, and here we will have a look into two of them. One is using the `delay` function, the other one is to use `semaphores` in your application.

### `delay(milliseconds)`
This command will send the task into sleep for x milliseconds. This sounds easy to use, however, is not very practical. Because while in the `delay()` function, the task cannot receive any information about external events, like an interrupt from a sensor or from a 9DOF sensor. So for most scenarios the `delay` is not a good solution.

### `xSemaphoreTakeBinary(semphoreHandle, portMAX_DELAY)`
FreeRTOS provides `semaphores` to control task switches and let tasks "sleep" while waiting for an event. Looking into the [FreeRTOS documentation](https://www.freertos.org/a00113.html), you can see there are several types of semaphores, named `binary`, `counting`, `mutex` and `recursive mutex`. To keep things simple here, I will use the `binary` semaphore in this example.

### How do semaphores work? 
I am here citing the [FreeRTOS documentation](https://www.freertos.org/Embedded-RTOS-Binary-Semaphores.html):
>  Think of a binary semaphore as a queue that can only hold one item. The queue can therefore only be empty or full (hence binary). Tasks and interrupts using the queue don’t care what the queue holds – they only want to know if the queue is empty or full. This mechanism can be exploited to synchronise (for example) a task with an interrupt.

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I am creating small libraries, each one with the code for one kind of board. This way, it will be easier to share with other people in my team, what part of the code is doint what

Today I am spending a lot of time to track where is the part of the code that it does what I need in a specific timeline.

I am since yesterday looking for the functions call.

Could you help me?

Regards,

Cláudio

leroyle · February 20, 2021, 8:27pm

I’m seeing Radio.IrqProcess() get translated to:
src/radio/sx126x/radio.cpp: RadioIrqProcess()

at least when stepping in via debugger.

crmrosa · February 21, 2021, 12:57am

You are correct and I was looking for manually a object called Raio.IrqProcess and I forgot that I could work with the debugger to track it. I was not paying attention that in the radio.h, the declaration is extern “c”. This fact change the way that I was seeing…

I need to study more C++ to understand what it is being expected when the declaration is “extern “c””.

beegee · February 21, 2021, 1:05am

Radio.IrqProcess should not be “cracked down” into smaller pieces.
It checks if a LoRaWAN event has happened (DIO1 IRQ was set), checks which event has happened and calls library internal callbacks for RX, TX done, CRC error, … When using LoRaWAN, these callbacks are handled by the LoRaWAN MAC, the application should not interfere with here. You might break timings (like RX1 window, RX2 window, join timeouts), if you change something here.

The examples are intentional kept simple, to just explain how to use a module. Of course it makes sense in a “real” application to split sensor readings, LoRa handling, BLE handling into separate tasks that run independent, triggered by events or timer controlled. We show this in the Low Power example. And I use tasks as well in the RAK4631-LoRa-BLE-Config example code.

crmrosa · February 21, 2021, 1:15am

@beegee

My intention is to be able to change the way that different sensors information can be sent by LoRa Radio. I mean, if in WisBlock we can mix different type of boards, how to add information about each sensor if I don´t know where/when in the code?

I mean, In the loop, I only have on call Radio.IrqProcess. How/Where/When could I add some sensor information ?

beegee · February 21, 2021, 1:35am

I cannot answer the “WHEN”, it depends how often you need to read your sensors.
“WHERE” is simple. If you look into our solutions, for example the Intelligent Agriculture you can see that you put the sensor data into the structure that is given as a parameter to lmh_send() function.
“HOW” depends on how you want to send the data. Usually the sensor data is broken down into single bytes and then copied into the structure that represents the send data buffer. But some applications just send the data as a “readable” string. Again you, as the developer, decides how you want to send the data. It might be as well that your “Integration” (service that receives the data from the LoRaWAN server) requires a pre-defined format (Like Cayenne).
Before you can answer the “HOW” you need to know what you want to do with your sensor data and who (which application/integration/…) receives the data.

crmrosa · February 21, 2021, 1:50am

@beegee ,

I know that you are working hard in these WisBlock codes. Well, please let me know if you need any help, I am working on them too. I can work in the documentation and code.

I am trying to make them as a building blocks, plug-and-play. I am trying to split the code in one library for each board, sensor or IO. This way, it will be easier to a new IoT user “just” add a library and some functions calls to make a mix of boards mounted in the base board, and make them happen

Let me use the Environment Solution Code, as a example below. The LoRa Radio is a way to send Environment information to the system. I understand that it should be better if a BME680 function code get the environment information and then it call the LoRa to send the information, but today we have a LoRa Function the call a BME680 function. It could seens that the order make no difference, but it does for who is trying to learn what is the code purpose.

Well I am here to try to learn and help in what I can

The environment information is gotten by function “bme680_get()” in the middle of function to send LoRa packet

Blockquote
void send_lora_frame(void)

void send_lora_frame(void)
{
if (lmh_join_status_get() != LMH_SET)
{
//Not joined, try again later
return;
}
bme680_get();

lmh_error_status error = lmh_send(&m_lora_app_data, gCurrentConfirm);
if (error == LMH_SUCCESS)
{
	count++;
	Serial.printf("lmh_send ok count %d\n", count);
}
else
{
	count_fail++;
	Serial.printf("lmh_send fail count %d\n", count_fail);
}

}

Blockquote

crmrosa · February 21, 2021, 11:26pm

Hi Leroy,

I was ask to my C++ teacher and he explained to me this about the “extern “c””

Blockquote

The extern “C” command tells your C ++ compiler that functions with the extern keyword should not undergo the process of changing from name to unique name. As well?

The C ++ language allows the same function names or so-called function overload. But during compilation, the C ++ compiler changes function names to unique names to avoid conflicts. Type XXY_ etc. It turns out that the C language does not allow functions with the same names and if the C ++ compiler changes the name you will not be able to call the C function because it will have changed its name

Thus, extern “C” tells the C ++ compiler not to perform this name change process and keep the original name of the C function so that your C ++ code can call this external function developed in C language and in another .c or dll file .

Blockquote

Now everything is clear to me about what you saw in the debbuger . It is a C code, I mean it isn´t C++, and the extern “C” is saying to compiler that the “old C” code will be used the way it is

Thank you by your support.

Regards,

Cláudio